Ingufu za Nucléaire ni ubwoko bw’ingufu bukomoka mu gucamo cyangwa guhuza uduce duto cyane tugize ikinyabutabire cyitwa “Atome”. Iyo atome zicagaguwe cyangwa zihujwe, hasohoka ubushyuhe n’ingufu nyinshi cyane kurusha izindi ngufu zisanzwe abantu bamenyereye nka mazutu, amakara cyangwa gaze.
Ijambo “Nucléaire” rikaba rikunze gutera abantu ubwoba kubera amateka y’intwaro za kirimbuzi ndetse n’impanuka zimwe zabaye mu mateka y’isi, ariko kandi izi ngufu ni zimwe mu zikomeye kandi zifasha ibihugu byinshi kubona amashanyarazi menshi kandi adahumanya ikirere cyane.
Ingufu za Nucléaire ni iki mu buryo bworoshye?
Buri kintu cyose kibaho kigizwe n’uduce duto twitwa “Atome”. Hagati muri Atome harimo akandi gace, iyo ako gace gacagaguwe mo ibice bibiri, hasohoka ingufu nyinshi cyane. Hari kandi uburyo bwo guhuza twa duce duto twise “Atome’ ebyiri bukaba byabyara ingufu ariko bwo ntiburakoreshwa cyane mu gutanga amashanyarazi ku rwego rwagutse.
Mu mashanyarazi ya Nucleaire, hakoreshwa cyane ikinyabutabire cya Uraniyumu “Uranium”,. Iki kinyabutabire gifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga ingufu nyinshi. Agace gato ka uranium gashobora gutanga ingufu zingana n’izatangwa n’amakara cyangwa lisansi nyinshi cyane.
Ingufu za Nucléaire zikoreshwa zite?
Ibihugu bifite amashanyarazi ya Nuclear byubaka inyubako nini cyane zitwa “Nuclear power plants” cyangwa “Centrales nucléaires”. Muri izo nyubako, uranium ishyirwa mu mashini zidasanzwe zigacagurwa buhoro buhoro, ubushyuhe buvuyemo bugateka amazi, ayo mazi agahinduka umwuka ufite imbaraga nyinshi ugatuma turbines zizunguruka, maze zikabyara amashanyarazi.
Aya mashanyarazi akoreshwa nk’ayandi yose: gucana amatara, gukora inganda, gukoresha mudasobwa, ibitaro n’ibindi byinshi.
Ariko nuclear ntikoreshwa gusa mu mashanyarazi. Ikoreshwa no mu Buvuzi, nko kuvura indwara ya Kanseri mu gusuzuma indwara, mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi, mu gukora ubwato bwa gisirikare, ndetse no mu byogajuru.
Ibihugu bifite Nucléaire biyikoresha bite?
Ibihugu byinshi bikomeye ku isi bifite ikoranabuhanga rya Nucléaire. Bimwe biyikoresha cyane mu gutanga amashanyarazi, ibindi bikayikoresha no mu gisirikare.
Igihugu cy’ u Bufransa ni kimwe mu bikoresha cyane Nucleaire mu gutanga amashanyarazi. Igice kinini cyane cy’amashanyarazi yacyo gituruka kuri izi ngufu”. Ibi bituma kiba mu bihugu bidakoresha cyane amakara cyangwa lisansi mu gukora amashanyarazi.
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ni cyo gihugu gifite ibyibanze bibyara izi ngufu byinshi za “Nuclear” ku isi. Zikora amashanyarazi menshi cyane kandi igihugu gikoresha nuclear no mu gisirikare.
U Bushinwa nabwo buri kubaka ahava izi mbaraga za nuclear henshi kuko ikeneye amashanyarazi menshi ajyana n’iterambere ry’inganda zayo. U Burusiya nabwo ni igihugu gikomeye muri nuclear kandi gifasha ibindi bihugu kubaka ahava izi mbaraga henshi.
Hari kandi ibihugu bifite intwaro za nuclear nka U Buhinde, Igihugu cya Pakistani, Koreya ya Ruguru.
Ibi bituma izi mbaraga ziba kimwe mu bintu bikomeye cyane mu mutekano n’ububanyi n’amahanga.
Ese ikoreshwa ry’ingufu za Nucleaire ririzewe?
Nubwo ingufu za Nucleaire zitanga amashanyarazi menshi kandi adahumanya ikirere cyane, ifite n’ingaruka zishobora kuba mbi cyane iyo habaye ikibazo. Muri izi twavuga ahantu henshi ku isi yagiye iteza impanuka zikomeye , izi mpanuka zatumye abantu benshi bagira ubwoba kuko bishobora kwangiza ubuzima n’ibidukikije igihe kinini.
Ariko muri iki gihe, ibihugu byinshi bikoresha uburyo bugezweho bwo kurinda impanuka no kugenzura umutekano.
Ingufu za Nucleaire ku isi zihagaze zite?
Ku isi hose, inguzu za Nicleaire ziri gukomeza kwitabwaho cyane kubera ikibazo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ibihugu byinshi biri gushaka uburyo bwo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka ku makara na peteroli. Bityo Inguzu za Nicleaire zikaba zifatwa nk’ingufu zitohereza imyuka myinshi ihumanya ikirere, bityo ikaba ifasha mu kurwanya ubushyuhe bw’isi.
Muri iki gihe, ibihugu byinshi biri gukora ubushakashatsi ku buryo butekanye kandi butangiza ibidukikije cyane.
Ikoreshwa ry’ingufu za Nucleaire muri Afurika bihagaze bite?
Muri Afurika, ikoreshwa ry’imbaraga za Nucleaire riracyari hasi ugereranyije n’u Burayi, Amerika cyangwa Aziya. Gusa hari ibihugu biri kugenda byinjira muri iri koranabuhanga.Aha twavuga nk’Igihugu cya Afrika y’Epfo ni cyo gihugu cya mbere kandi gifite ahantu henshi ikorerwa muri Afurika. Ibindi bihugu byo muri Afurika twavuga ni nka Misiri, Nigeriya, iguhugu cya Ghana , Kenya ndetse n’igihugu cy’iguturanyi cy’u Rwanda aricyo Tanzaniya.
Ibindi bihugu nabyo bikaba bifite gahunda cyangwa inyigo zo gutangira gukoresha izi mbaraga mu myaka iri imbere kugira ngo bibone amashanyarazi menshi afasha inganda n’iterambere.
Muri Afurika, ikibazo gikomeye kiba ari amafaranga menshi asabwa mu kubaka ahava izi mbaraga ndetse no kubona abahanga babishinzwe.
U Rwanda rwo rwiteguye rute gukoresha izi Ngufu za Nucleaire?
U Rwanda rukaba rushyize imbere ikoreshwa z’izi ngufu mu gushaka igisubizo ku mashanyarazi, aho Guverinoma y’u Rwanda igaragaza ko igihugu gikeneye gutunganya ingufu z’amashanyarazi za megawatt zirenga 5000, zivuye kuri megawatt 406 zihari ubu. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, yafashe icyemezo cyo kubaka uruganda ruto rutunganya ingufu za nucléaire (Small Modular Reactor) kuko ari zo zafasha kugera kuri iyo ntego.
