Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda (NISR) cyatangaje ko indwara zitandura kuri ubu ari zo ziza ku mwanya wa mbere mu guhitana Abanyarwanda benshi.
Raporo y’iki kigo yasohotse umwaka ushize yitwa Rwanda Vital Statistics Report 2025 igaragaza ko indwara zitandura zirimo iz’umutima, diyabete na kanseri zagize uruhare rwa 49.5% by’impfu zose zabereye mu bigo nderabuzima byo mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2025.
Imibare ya NISR igaragaza ko hagati ya 2019 na 2025, impfu zatewe n’indwara zandura zagabanutse ku buryo bugaragara, ziva kuri 70% mu 2019 zigera kuri 40% mu 2025.
Muri icyo gihe kandi (2019–2025), impfu ziterwa n’indwara zitandura zazamutse ziva kuri 27.9% zigera hafi kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy’impfu zose.
Iyi mibare igaragaza impinduka zikomeye mu rwego rw’ubuzima mu Rwanda, aho igihugu cyageze ku ntambwe ishimishije mu kugabanya indwara zandura nka malaria, igituntu na VIH/SIDA, mu gihe indwara zifitanye isano n’imibereho n’imirire zikomeje kwiyongera.
Abahanga mu buzima bavuga ko kwiyongera kw’indwara zitandura guterwa ahanini n’imibereho irimo kurya ibiribwa bikungahaye ku mavuta n’isukari nyinshi, kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri, kunywa inzoga n’itabi, ndetse n’umuhangayiko ukabije.
NISR igaragaza kandi ko impfu ziterwa n’impanuka n’imvune zikomeje kwiyongera buhoro buhoro, aho zavuye kuri 2.1% mu 2019 zigera kuri 10.5% mu 2025.
Uko Abaturarwanda bakwirinda indwara zitandura (NCDs)
Umuntu ashobora kwirinda indwara zitandura zirimo iz’umutima, diyabete, kanseri n’indwara zidakira zifata imyanya y’ubuhumekero, binyuze cyane cyane mu guhindura imyitwarire ine y’ingenzi: kurya indyo yuzuye kandi iboneye, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe, kwirinda itabi no kugabanya kunywa inzoga.
Nk’uko bitangazwa n’imiryango mpuzamahanga irimo Umuryango w’Ubuzima ku Isi (WHO), gukuraho ibi bintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara bishobora guhindurwa n’umuntu ubwe, bishobora kugabanya cyane amahirwe yo kwandura cyangwa kurwara indwara zidakira.
1. Kurya indyo yuzuye kandi iboneye
Ibyo umuntu arya bigira uruhare runini ku buzima bwe, umuvuduko w’amaraso ndetse n’ingano ya kolesteroli mu mubiri; bityo abarasabwa:
- Kugabanya umunyu: Kurya umunyu muke bifasha kwirinda umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso n’indwara z’ubwonko.
- Kugabanya isukari yongerwa mu biribwa: Irinde ibinyobwa birimo isukari nyinshi n’ibiribwa bitunganyijwe, kugira ngo wirinde diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri n’umubyibuho ukabije.
- Kurya ibikomoka ku bimera byinshi: Kurya ibinyampeke byuzuye, imbuto, imboga, ibinyamisogwe n’imbuto zumye bifasha umubiri kugira ubuzima bwiza.
- Guhitamo amavuta meza: Simbuza amavuta yangiza ubuzima n’amavuta adafite ingaruka mbi nk’amavuta ya elayo cyangwa ay’izuba.
2. Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri
Imyitozo ngororamubiri ifasha kugenzura ibiro, kurinda umutima no kugabanya umuhangayiko; bityo abantu basabwa:
- Gukora imyitozo nibura iminota 150 kugeza kuri 300 buri cyumweru, nk’urugendo rwihuse n’amaguru n’indi myitozo.
- Gukora imyitozo ikomeza imikaya nibura kabiri mu cyumweru.
- Kwirinda kumara igihe kinini wicaye; haguruka, urambure amaguru cyangwa ugende akanya gato nibura buri saha.
3. Kwirinda itabi
Itabi ni kimwe mu bitera impfu byinshi bishobora kwirindwa ku isi, kuko ryangiza umutima n’ubuhumekero; bityo buri wese asabwa:
- Kureka kunywa cyangwa gukoresha itabi.
- Kwirinda ahari umwotsi w’itabi.
- Kwirinda n’ubundi buryo bw’itabi nk’itabi rikoreshwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga (e-cigarettes) cyangwa iryo guhekenywa.
4. Kugabanya kunywa inzoga
Nta rugero rw’inzoga rwemejwe nk’urudateza ibyago ku ndwara zidakira; bityo:
- Niba unywa inzoga, jya uzinywa mu rugero.
- Menya ko inzoga zifitanye isano n’indwara z’umwijima, iz’umutima ndetse na kanseri zitandukanye.
5. Gukora isuzuma ry’ubuzima buri gihe
Kumenya ikibazo kare bituma gifatirwa ingamba mbere y’uko gikomera; bityo abantu barasabwa:
- Kujya bisuzumisha umuvuduko w’amaraso, isukari yo mu maraso na kolesteroli buri gihe.
- Kugenzura ibiro byabo kugira ngo birinde umubyibuho ukabije.
- Gukurikiza gahunda z’isuzuma rya kanseri zijyanye n’icyiciro cy’imyaka yabo nk’uko abaganga babijyamo inama.