Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubutaka (NLA) cyashyize hanze amabwiriza mashya agenga imikoreshereze y’ubutaka mu Rwanda, agaragaza ibikorwa byemewe, ibikeneye uruhushya rwihariye ndetse n’ibibujijwe muri buri cyiciro cy’ubutaka.
Aya mabwiriza mashya anagaragaza ibisabwa ku bijyanye n’imiturire, ubucuruzi, inganda, ibikorwaremezo, ubuhinzi, amashyamba n’ibindi bikorwa bitandukanye, mu rwego rwo gutuma iterambere ryubahiriza igenamigambi ry’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka.
Inyandiko nshya yasohotse muri Nzeri 2026 yitwa Land Use Master Plans’ Zoning Regulations – Edition 2. Ije ivugurura iyari isanzweho, inagamije guhuza amabwiriza agenga Umujyi wa Kigali n’ay’uturere twose tw’igihugu.
Mu ngingo zigaragara cyane muri iyi nyandiko harimo amabwiriza mashya agenga amarimbi, aho hagaragajwe ko kubaka imva hakoreshejwe béton cyangwa gushyiraho amakaro bitazongera kwemerwa. Harimo kandi ibisabwa ku nzu zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zizwi nka villas cyangwa mansions, inganda n’inyubako zo guturamo.
Ubutaka buzajya bukoreshwa hakurikijwe icyiciro bwashyizwemo
NLA igaragaza ko imikoreshereze y’ikibanza igomba kugendera ku cyiciro cy’ubutaka kigaragara ku ikarita y’igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka.
Ibi bivuze ko umuntu atazajya ahitamo icyo yubaka cyangwa igikorwa akorera ku butaka bwe atitaye ku cyo ako gace kagenewe.
Hari ibikorwa byemerewe gukorerwa mu cyiciro runaka, ibindi bishobora kwemerwa ari uko habanje gukorwa isuzuma no gutangwa uruhushya n’inzego zibifitiye ububasha, hakaba n’ibindi bibujijwe burundu.
Iyo umuntu ashaka gukora igikorwa gisaba isuzuma, Umujyi wa Kigali cyangwa ishami ry’akarere rishinzwe serivisi z’imyubakire, rizwi nka One Stop Centre, ni byo bigomba kugisuzuma.
Muri iryo suzuma harebwa niba umushinga ushobora kugira ingaruka ku baturanyi, zirimo urusaku, umutekano, umuvundo w’ibinyabiziga n’ibindi bibazo byabangamira imibereho y’abaturage.
Amabwiriza kandi ashyira imbere imiturire ituma abantu bafite ubushobozi butandukanye babona aho gutura, kwegeranya aho abantu bakorera n’aho batuye, korohereza abanyamaguru n’abakoresha amagare ndetse no guteza imbere ubwikorezi rusange.
Ibyiciro bitandatu bigenga ubutaka bw’imiturire
Ubutaka bugenewe guturwaho bwagabanyijwemo ibyiciro bitandatu, buri kimwe kikagira ibisabwa byihariye.
Ibyo byiciro ni R1, R1A, R1B, R2, R3 na R4.
R1: Igenewe ahantu hasanzwe hatuwe, aho hubakwa inzu zo guturamo ku bucucike buri hasi.
R1A: Igamije kongera umubare w’amacumbi mu duce dusanzwe dutuwe.
R1B: Ireba imiturire yo mu cyaro.
R2: Igenewe kuvugurura ahantu hatuwe ariko hatateguwe neza.
R3: Ireba kwagura imiturire mu nkengero z’imijyi no mu bice bigiye guturwa.
R4: Igenewe ahantu hatuwe ku bucucike bwinshi, cyane cyane hubakwa inyubako zirimo amacumbi menshi.
Mu byiciro bya R1, R1A, R2, R3 na R4, nibura 20% by’ubuso bw’ikibanza bugomba kugenerwa ahaterwa ibimera, mu gihe 2% bugenewe ubusitani bw’imbuto n’imboga.
Ku bijyanye n’ubucucike, amabwiriza ateganya ko mu duce duhuza imiturire n’ibindi bikorwa, R1 igomba kugira amacumbi ari hagati ya 7 na 10 kuri hegitari, R1A ikagira hagati ya 15 na 20, naho R1B ikagira hagati ya 30 na 50.
Muri R2 na R3, hateganyijwe amacumbi 40 kuzamura kuri hegitari, mu gihe R4 igenewe nibura amacumbi 70 kuri hegitari.
Ku burebure bw’inyubako, R1 na R1A zemera kubaka inzu zifite igorofa ryo hasi, amagorofa abiri n’igice cy’amacumbi cyo hejuru, bizwi nka G+2+Penthouse.
R1B na yo yemera inyubako zifite G+2+P. Icyakora, hari aho inyubako zishobora gusuzumwa zikemererwa kurenga kuri ibyo bipimo bitewe n’imiterere y’ubutaka cyangwa amabwiriza yihariye, ariko hagakurikizwa ibisabwa birengera ubuzima bwite bw’abaturanyi.
Muri R2 na R3, nta mubare ntarengwa w’amagorofa washyizweho, ariko inyubako zigomba kubahiriza ibindi bipimo by’imyubakire. R4 na yo nta mubare ntarengwa ifite, gusa inyubako igomba kuba ifite nibura igorofa ryo hasi n’irindi hejuru yaryo.
Ikindi gihinduka ni uko kubaka inzu y’umuryango umwe byemewe muri R1, R1A na R1B, ariko bikaba bibujijwe muri R2, R3 na R4, aho hashyizwe imbere inyubako zakira imiryango myinshi.
Ibigo by’ubuvuzi n’amashuri bizakomeza kwemerwa muri ibyo byiciro by’imiturire. Restaurants, amahoteli, amadini, ibikorwa by’umuco n’imikino ndetse n’ubucuruzi bumwe na bumwe na byo bishobora kwemerwa hubahirijwe ibisabwa.
Ku rundi ruhande, inganda nini n’ibikorwaremezo binini ntibizemererwa muri ibi byiciro byagenewe guturwamo.
Inzu za mansions zizabanza kugenerwa amabwiriza yihariye
Mu bindi bikubiye muri aya mabwiriza harimo uburyo inzu zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zizajya zubakwamo.
NLA isobanura ko izi nzu ari inyubako nini z’umuryango umwe, zubakwa mu buryo bwihariye kandi zikagira ibikoresho, ubusitani, umutekano n’ibindi bikorwa byihariye bigaragaza urwego rwo hejuru.
Ikibanza cyagenewe kubakwaho inzu nk’izi giteganyijwe kugira ubuso buri hagati ya metero kare 2.000 na 3.000. Nibura 40% by’ubwo buso bugomba kugenerwa ibimera n’ubusitani.
Uretse ubwiza bw’inyubako, hateganyijwe ko zigomba kubakwa hitabwa ku kirere n’imiterere y’aho ziherereye, hagakoreshwa ibikoresho byiza kandi hagashyirwa imbere ibikorerwa mu Rwanda.
Zigomba kandi kugira aho imodoka zihagarara, inzira z’abanyamaguru n’iz’ibinyabiziga, uburyo bwo gukoresha neza ingufu, gucunga amazi yakoreshejwe n’ayo imvura ndetse no gutunganya imyanda.
Ku bijyanye n’ibikoresho n’ibikorwa byihariye, inzu igomba kuba ifite nibura 70% by’ibikorwa byo ku rwego rwo hejuru byateganyijwe, birimo pisine, icyumba cya siporo, spa cyangwa sauna, isomero, icyumba cyo kureberamo filime, ahantu ho kwidagadurira, icyumba cy’imikino, amacumbi y’abashyitsi n’ibindi.
Icyakora, NLA ivuga ko impushya zo kubaka izi nzu zitazajya zitangwa mbere y’uko hashyirwaho amabwiriza yihariye azigenga.
Ubucuruzi n’imiturire bishobora gukorerwa mu nyubako imwe
Amabwiriza mashya agabanya ubutaka bugenewe ubucuruzi mu byiciro bitandukanye, birimo C1A, C1B, C3 na C4.
C1A ireba ubucuruzi bwo mu mijyi, mu gihe C1B ireba ubucuruzi bwo mu cyaro no mu dusantere. C3 igenewe ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi byo ku rwego rw’umujyi, naho C4 ikagenga ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bifitiye akamaro agace kanini.
Muri ibi byiciro, ibikorwa byemewe birimo amaduka, restaurants, ibiro, amahoteli, amacumbi, imyidagaduro, ububiko bw’ibicuruzwa n’ibindi bikorwa bifasha ubucuruzi.
Ikintu gishya cy’ingenzi ni uko ubucuruzi bushobora kujyana n’imiturire mu nyubako imwe, ariko hakubahirizwa igipimo cy’ubuso bugomba kugenerwa buri gikorwa.
Muri C1A, amacumbi ntashobora kurenga 40% by’ubuso bw’amagorofa yose y’inyubako. Muri C1B na ho ntashobora kurenga 40% by’ubuso bw’ikibanza cyatunganyijwe.
Muri C3 na C4, ibikorwa birimo amahoteli, ibiro, amacumbi, ahakorerwa imyidagaduro, amashuri n’aho abantu basangira ibiro na byo biremewe.
Ibikorwa bimwe birimo sitasiyo za lisansi, aho imodoka z’amashanyarazi zishyirirwamo umuriro, amagaraje n’aho abagenzi bahindurira ibinyabiziga bishobora kwemerwa bitewe n’icyiciro cy’ubutaka n’ibisabwa.
Inganda zizajya zisabwa gusiga intera hagati yazo n’imiturire
Mu rwego rwo kurengera ubuzima bw’abaturage no gukumira ihumana ry’ibidukikije, ubutaka bugenewe inganda na bwo bwagabanyijwemo ibyiciro bitatu.
I1 igenewe inganda nto n’ibikorwa bidahumanya cyane, I2 ikagenewe inganda rusange n’izihariye, naho I3 ikagenewe ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y’agaciro na kariyeri.
Muri I1, hemewe inganda nto, ububiko bw’ibicuruzwa, ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bijyanye n’inganda, ikusanyirizo ry’ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa, sitasiyo za lisansi n’ahashyirirwamo umuriro imodoka z’amashanyarazi.
Inganda zifite igipimo cy’ihumana kirenze 20% ntizemerewe muri iki cyiciro.
Ku nganda zitera urusaku, impumuro cyangwa ihumana rishobora kubangamira abaturanyi, amabwiriza ashyiraho intera zigomba kubahirizwa. Inganda nto zisabwa gusiga nibura metero 50 hagati yazo n’ahatuwe abantu, aho ako gace kagomba kugenerwa ubuhinzi cyangwa amashyamba.
Muri I2, hemewe ibikorwa byinshi birimo inganda za sima, beto na kaburimbo, izenga cyangwa zitunganya inzoga, izishongesha ibyuma, izikora impapuro n’izitunganya ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi.
Inganda rusange zigomba kuba nibura metero 500 uvuye ahatuwe abantu.
Inganda zihariye na zo zisabwa iyo ntera, ariko izishobora guteza ihumana rikomeye, nk’izitunganya peteroli, imiti n’imyanda y’inganda iteje akaga, zigomba kuba nibura ku ntera y’ibilometero kimwe uvuye ahatuwe abantu.
Byongeye kandi, izo nganda zitegetswe kugira ibikoresho bifasha kugabanya cyangwa gukumira ihumana ry’umwuka, amazi n’urusaku.
Amashuri, amavuriro n’ibindi bikorwa rusange byagenewe ubuso bwabyo
Amabwiriza mashya anagaragaza uko ubutaka bugomba kugenerwa ibikorwaremezo bifitiye abaturage akamaro.
Ibyo bikorwa byashyizwe mu byiciro birimo uburezi n’ubushakashatsi, ubuzima, ibikorwa by’idini, umuco n’umurage, siporo n’imyidagaduro ndetse n’amarimbi.
Ku bijyanye n’amashuri, kaminuza imwe igomba kugenerwa nibura hegitari eshatu, ishuri ry’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro rikagenerwa hegitari ebyiri, naho amashuri abanza cyangwa ayisumbuye akagenerwa hegitari 1,5.
Ibigo mbonezamikurire n’amashuri y’incuke byo bigenerwa nibura hegitari 0,5.
Mu rwego rw’ubuzima, ibitaro by’icyitegererezo bigenerwa hegitari enye, ibitaro byo ku rwego rw’intara bigahabwa hegitari eshatu, ibitaro by’akarere bikagenerwa hegitari ebyiri, naho ibigo nderabuzima bikagenerwa hegitari imwe.
Amavuriro mato yo agenerwa hegitari 0,06.
Ibigo by’uburezi n’ubuvuzi bigomba kugira nibura 20% by’ubuso bwabyo buteyeho ibimera. Inyubako zabyo zigomba kugira nibura igorofa ryo hasi n’irindi hejuru yaryo, uretse ibigo mbonezamukirere n’amavuriro mato.
Ku bikorwa by’idini, ikibanza kigomba kugira nibura hegitari 0,5, kandi nibura 40% by’ubuso bwacyo bugaterwaho ibimera.
Amarimbi ntazongera kubakwamo imva za béton cyangwa gushyirwaho amakaro
Mu ngingo zigaragara cyane muri aya mabwiriza harimo izigenga ubutaka bugenewe amarimbi n’aho imirambo itwikirwa.
Icyiciro cya PF6 ni cyo kigenewe amarimbi n’ahantu hatwikirwa imirambo. Muri ibi bice, ibikorwa byemewe ni ibijyanye n’ishyingura n’ibindi bifasha serivisi zijyanye na ryo.
Icyakora, inyandiko ibuza kubaka inyubako zizaramba, inganda, ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’inyubako zo guturamo muri ibi bice.
Ikindi gishya ni uko kubaka imva hakoreshejwe béton cyangwa gushyiraho amakaro, haba munsi cyangwa hejuru y’ubutaka, bitazemerwa.
Icyakora, inyubako zifasha mu gucunga irimbi, nk’amacumbi y’abarishinzwe, ubwiherero n’ahantu ho gusengera ku hantu hatwikirwa imirambo, bishobora kwemerwa nyuma y’isuzuma.
Iyo irimbi riri hafi y’igishanga, hagomba gukorwa isuzumangaruka ku bidukikije, kandi hagasigara intera iri hagati ya metero 200 na 300. Muri ako gace hateganyijwe ahantu hatubatse ndetse n’ibikorwa by’ubukerarugendo bwita ku bidukikije.
Ku bijyanye n’ubuso, irimbi rigomba kugenerwa hegitari 10 ku baturage bari hagati ya 200.000 na 250.000.
Ahantu hatwikirwa imirambo ho hateganyirijwe abaturage 150.000 kuri hegitari ebyiri, kandi hashobora gushyirwa hamwe n’irimbi.
Icyakora, ubuso nyakuri bushobora guhinduka bitewe n’umubare w’abazahakoresha, imiterere y’ubutaka, umutekano, ubwikorezi n’ingaruka ku baturanyi.
Serivisi z’ingenzi zigomba kuba hafi y’aho abaturage batuye
Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ingendo ndende abaturage bakora bashaka serivisi z’ibanze, inyandiko nshya ishyiraho ihame ry’uko ibikorwaremezo bikenewe mu gace k’imiturire bigomba kuba hafi y’abagatuye.
Aho bishoboka, serivisi nk’izo zigomba kuba mu ntera itarenze metero 400 umuntu ashobora kugeramo n’amaguru.
Mu bipimo by’igenamigambi, ishuri ribanza rimwe riteganyirizwa abaturage bari hagati ya 15.000 na 20.000, rikubakwa ku buso bwa hegitari imwe.
Ishuri ryisumbuye rimwe ryo rigenewe agace gatuwe n’abantu bari hagati ya 20.000 na 25.000, rikubakwa kuri hegitari 1,5.
Ishuri rihuza amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye riteganyirizwa hegitari 2,8, mu gihe ishuri rihuza ibyiciro byose rigenerwa hegitari icyenda.
Ikigo cy’amashuri makuru kimwe giteganyirizwa abaturage nibura 500.000, kikubakwa ku buso bwa hegitari eshatu.
Ku bigo nderabuzima, kimwe giteganyirizwa agace gatuwe n’abantu bari hagati ya 15.000 na 20.000, kikubakwa ku buso bwa hegitari 0,2.
Inzu y’inama z’abaturage igenerwa hegitari 0,5, mu gihe isomero ryo ku rwego rw’agace kanini riteganyirizwa abaturage 500.000.
Amabwiriza agamije gutuma imijyi n’uturere bitezwa imbere mu buryo buteguye
NLA ivuga ko aya mabwiriza yateguwe nyuma y’isuzuma rya tekiniki n’ibiganiro byahuje inzego zitandukanye zirimo minisiteri zifite ibidukikije n’ibikorwaremezo mu nshingano, Ikigo cy’u Rwanda gishinzwe Iterambere ry’Imiturire, Umujyi wa Kigali, uturere n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa.
Intego ni ugushyiraho uburyo bumwe bwo gushyira mu bikorwa ibishushanyo mbonera by’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka, hirindwa ko ibikorwa bitandukanye byakorerwa ahantu hatabigenewe.
Aya mabwiriza kandi ateganya ko abaturage, barimo abafite ubumuga n’abafite amikoro make, bagomba kugira uruhare mu igenamigambi, ishyirwa mu bikorwa no gukurikirana ibikorwa biteganyijwe mu duce batuyemo.
Ikindi cy’ingenzi ni uko abaturage bazajya bashobora kubaka mu byiciro, bitewe n’ubushobozi bafite, ariko inyubako zikategurwa ku buryo uko zigenda ziyongerwaho zigera ku bucucike bwifuzwa muri ako gace.
Muri rusange, izi mpinduka zigaragaza ko u Rwanda rushaka gukomeza gucunga imikoreshereze y’ubutaka mu buryo buhuye n’iterambere ry’imijyi, kurengera ibidukikije no gutuma ibikorwa by’ubwubatsi n’imiturire bikorwa hakurikijwe igenamigambi ryemejwe.