Ebola ni indwara iterwa na virusi ifite ibimenyetso by’ibanze bibamo umuriro utunguranye, gucika intege bikomeye, kubabara imikaya n’umuhogo, kuva amaraso kandi akenshi ikaba yica.
Iyi virusi, bivugwa ko yaturutse mu dusimba tw’uducurama, yagaragaye bwa mbere mu 1976 mu cyorezo cyateye hafi y’uruzi rwa Ebola riri mu ntara ya Nord-Ubangi majyaruguru y’igihugu cyitwaga Zaïre, ubu Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo.
Ebola yakwirakwiriye abantu iturutse ku nyamaswa zanduye, nk’uducurama, ubusanzwe two twibaniraga n’iyo virus.
Inyama zo mu gasozi – inyamaswa zo mu gasozi zihigwa abantu bazirye, zifatwa nk’aho ari ikigega karemano cy’iyo virus.
Ishobora kwandura mu bantu binyuze mu gukora ku buryo butaziguye ku mazi y’umubiri w’umuntu wanduye nk’amaraso, amacandwe, ibirutsi, amasohoro, inkari, n’ibyuya.
Abagabo bakize Ebola nabo byagaragaye ko bafite iyi virusi mu myanya myibarukiro yabo igihe runaka nyuma yo gukira.
Ibimenyetso ni ibihe?
Ibimenyetso bya mbere ni umuriro utunguranye, ububabare bw’imikaya, umunaniro ukabije, kuribwa umutwe, no kubabara mu muhogo.
Ibi bikurikirwa no kuruka, impiswi, ibibyimba no kuva amaraso – imbere no hanze – bishobora kugaragara mu ishinya, mu maso, mu mazuru no mu mwanda.
Abarwayi bakunda gupfa bazize umwuma mwinshi no guhagarara kw’ingingo nyinshi z’imbere mu mubiri.
Nta muti wagaragaye ko uvura Ebola.
Abarwayi barembye cyane bagomba guhabwa amazi vuba hakoreshejwe serum. Bagomba gutandukanywa n’abandi bantu kandi bagahabwa ubuvuzi bwimbitse n’inzobere mu by’ubuvuzi.
Mbere hari inkingo zari zemejwe ku bwoko bwabonetse mbere bw’iyi virus, ariko iyi ya Bundibujyo nta rukiko rwayo ruraboneka.
Imiti yo mu igerageza nka ZMapp nayo yarakoreshejwe, ariko ubushobozi bwayo ntiburagaragazwa.
Ibipimo by’amaraso byavuye ku barokotse nabyo birimo kugeragezwa nk’uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kuba.
Ikigo Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) kivuga ko iyi ndwara ituruka ku bwoko bwa virus bwica cyane kandi bukaze bw’iyi virusi.
Ntibiramenyekana impamvu amoko y’izi virus amwe aba yica vuba andi abayanduye bagakira vuba ariko abahanga bavuga ko kuvurwa hakiri kare ari ingenzi.
Ni nde uri mu kaga ko kwandura Ebola?
Umuntu wese uhuye cyane n’abarwayi ba Ebola ari mu kaga.
Abakozi bo mu rwego rw’ubuzima barimo gukoresha imyenda yo kwirinda nk’amakoti n’indorerwamo z’umubiri wose, ariko amagana y’abantu arapfa.
Abagize imiryango y’abarwayi nabo bari mu kaga. Mu mihango yo gushyingura.
MSF yakomeje kugerageza kumenyesha abantu uburyo uburyo bafata abavandimwe bapfuye ko bushobora guteza akaga kuri bo, bagasabwa kutabegera cyane no kutabakoraho.
Ni izihe ngamba zishobora gufatwa?
Ahavuye isanamu,EPA
OMS ijya inama yo kwirinda gukora ku barwayi ba Ebola n’amazi yabo yo ku mubiri wabo.
Ntugakore ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose – nko ku gitambaro gisanzwe – gishobora kwanduzwa ahantu hahurira abantu benshi.
Abaforomo bagomba kwambara uturindantoki n’ibikoresho byo kwirinda, nk’udupfukamunwa, kandi bakaraba intoki zabo buri gihe.
Wafata izihe ngamba ngo wirinde Ebola?
Kugira ngo wirinde kwandura iyi ndwara, abahanga mu by’ubuzima bakugira inama zarimo kwirinda guhana intoki, gukaraba intoki kenshi n’isabune n’amazi, no gusukura ahantu hacyekwa ko hari virusi n’amazi arimo umuti wa chlorine.
Ni ngombwa kandi gushyira mu kato abarwayi n’abantu bahuye nabo.
Ubusanzwe ibihugu bishyiraho ibigo byita ku bakekwaho iyi ndwara n’ibigo bivura abarwayi bemejwe muri laboratwari
Abakize Ebola bagomba kwirinda imibonano mpuzabitsina
Abarokotse Ebola bagirwa inama yo kwirinda imibonano mpuzabitsina mu gihe cy’iminsi 90.
Nubwo Ebola idafatwa nk’indwara yandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, ubushakashatsi bwasanze iyi virusi ishobora kwandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ndetse n’abarwayi bamaze gukira.
Dr. Frank Bawela wo mu kigo nderabuzima i Kampala, muri Uganda – igihugu kirimo icyorezo cya Ebola – agereranya virusi ya Ebola na virusi itera SIDA mu buryo yanduriramo umuntu umwe ijya ku wundi.
Dr Bawela agira ati: ”Virusi ya Ebola iba mu myanya myibarukiro y’abagabo, no mu matembabuzi cyangwa mu biremereye by’umubiri, harimo n’amacandwe, nk’ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA, bityo umurwayi wa Ebola ashobora kwanduza undi muntu muri ubu buryo”.
Ingingo ye ntabwo itandukanye n’ingingo z’abaganga, abashakashatsi n’izindi mpuguke zakoze akazi kazo kuri Ebola.